Peter Kardjilov
Papers of BAS. Humanities and Social Sciences
Vol. 12, 2025, No. 2
The “Sound Revolution” in Bulgaria.
The advent of sound in Sofia cinemas.
Technical and cultural aspects
Peter Kardjilov
Abstract. The introduction of sound cinema in Bulgaria was not significantly delayed but reflected the cautious strategies of local cinema entrepreneurs, who acted decisively once sound film production intensified in Germany and Hollywood. This study explores the competitive dynamics among Sofia’s leading cinemas – Moderеn Teatar, Pachev, Gloria Palace, and Odeon – to introduce sound film screenings. It examines the technical conversion of cinemas, early sound film repertoires, and advertising strategies aimed at attracting audiences. The rivalry among cinemas was closely linked to competition between foreign suppliers of sound systems and rapid technological developments, notably the transition from disc-based to optical sound. These processes soon extended beyond Sofia, reshaping cinema programming, fostering new sound-based film genres, and encouraging the emergence of local services such as subtitling and sound recording. The study also highlights the design and production of original Bulgarian sound equipment and the creation of the first Bulgarian sound films.
Keywords: sound revolution, Sofia cinemas, sound film technology, optical sound equipment, Bulgarian sound films